Keindahan Karimunjawa sunset ungu exotic

karimunjawa sunset ungu

Sudah bukan rahasia lagi kalau Karimunjawa, Jepara, Jawa Tengah punya pemandangan sunset yang sangat menawan. Cahaya kuning keemasan dengan lembayung ungu, sukses menutup hari yang sempurna kala liburan di Karimunjawa.

Karimunjawa dengan segala keindahan baharinya mampu memikat hati setiap wisatawan yang datang mengunjunginya. Keindahan alam yang tiada habisnya pun selalu membuat saya rindu dengan kampung halaman saya ini.

Spot Wisata

karimunjawa di siang hari

Salah satu spot favorit saya di pulau ini adalah jembatan kecil yang terbuat dari kayu. Jembatan ini belum lama dibangun di Pulau Karimunjawa. Traveler juga belum banyak yang datang ke jembatan ini, sehingga tempatnya masih sepi dan bersih.
Jika ingin mengunjunginya, jembatan ini berjarak kurang lebih 10 km dari pusat keramaian Karimunjawa. Karena di Pulau Karimunjawa hanya ada satu jalan, jadi tidak susah untuk menemukannya.

Sunset Karjaw

Nah, bagi Anda para penikmat pemandangan sunset, tempat ini sangat direkomendasikan untuk dikunjungi. Seharian puas snorkeling atau menjelajah pulau, Anda bisa menutup hari di jembatan ini. Sunset yang sangat terkenal di Karimunjawa bisa dengan mudah Anda temukan menjelang pergantian sore ke malam hari.

Sempurna

Cahayanya sangat indah, sayang jika tidak diabadikan dengan kamera. Warna kuning terang dengan gradasi ungu tipis membuatnya makin sempurna. Anda bisa duduk di atas jembatan sambil menyaksikan pemandangan indah ini. Dijamin, rasa lelah karena seharian beraktivitas di Karimunjawa akan hilang setelah melihatnya.

detikTravel Community – Oleh: tabita oktaviana

Tentang Karimunjawa dan Lonjakan Wisatawan

karimunjawa's

JPIt membawaku 16 tahun hidup di negara ini, bepergian jauh dan luas di seluruh nusantara, sebelum akhirnya aku bertindak bersama-sama dan saya berhasil mencapai pulau surga sendiri Jawa.

Karimunjawa

Karimunjawa - 27 pulau yang membentuk kelompok pulau - yang terletak sekitar 90 kilometer sebelah utara Jepara, Jawa Tengah di lepas pantai, dan sekitar 3 jam dengan perahu cepat/ bahari express langsung dari Semarang, kalau dari jepara membutuhkan waktu sekitar 2 jam perjalanan by express bahari

Sampai sekarang sesuatu dari sebuah terpencil, meningkatkan koneksi transportasi secara perlahan membuat pulau-pulau, yang dinyatakan sebagai taman laut nasional pada tahun 1999, lebih mudah diakses pengunjung. Hasilnya adalah bahwa banyak orang yang datang dari jauh jauh untuk mengunjungi pulau ini surga.

Lonjakan wisatawan

Manajer hotel saya memberitahu saya telah terjadi peningkatan 200 persen dalam jumlah pengunjung selama 2011 dibandingkan dengan tahun sebelumnya. Itu adalah tanda keberhasilan, namun juga menimbulkan sesuatu masalah bagi pilihan akomodasi terbatas di pulau utama selama musim puncak dari Mei hingga Oktober.

Rumah bagi sekitar 9.000 warga yang tinggal di lima pulau - pulau yang tersisa 22 yang berpenghuni, penduduk sebagian besar Jawa, dengan kantong-kantong Bugis dan Madura juga.
Sebuah pandangan Barracuda Beach di Pulau Kemujan ke utara dari pulau utama dan dihubungkan oleh sebuah jembatan. - Photo by Peter Milne

pulau kemujan

Tiba dengan Kapal Barang (perahu kargo) di kota prinsipnya, juga disebut Karimunjawa, saya menemukan sesuatu yang ganjil tentang nuansa Jawa yang kuat untuk tempat pada awalnya.

Kemudian saya menyadari perbedaannya hanya bahwa dalam semua pulau saya perjalanan di Indonesia, saya belum pernah menemukan sebuah pulau Jawa sebelum: Karimunjawa adalah setelah semua koleksi Jawa hanya pulau-pulau di Indonesia - mereka adalah pulau hanya dari Jawa di mana bahasa Jawa adalah lingua franca, dan di mana budaya Jawa mendominasi, bahkan turun ke lagu burung dalam sangkar menggantung di luar banyak tempat tinggal sederhana.

Meskipun beberapa putih kelapa-berpohon pantai berpasir, tidak diragukan lagi daya tarik utama Karimunjawa adalah kekayaan kehidupan laut, termasuk terumbu karang murni, keanekaragaman hayati laut yang luar biasa kaya, dan langka dan anggun yang putih-bellied elang laut.

Meskipun buku panduan berbicara tentang "sistem zonasi" dengan Zona 4 yang benar-benar off-batas kepada pengunjung, dalam praktek ini tampaknya telah terbukti mustahil untuk menegakkan.

Akibatnya, saya tidak punya masalah mengunjungi sebuah pulau tak berpenghuni kecil bernama Pulau Burung dengan sepasang sarang elang laut dan anak hampir sepenuhnya dewasa. Saya tukang perahu bahkan bertanya apakah saya ingin mendarat di pulau, tapi ini akan hanya mengganggu elang dan membuat mereka sulit untuk mengamati.

Namun, itu adalah pemandangan yang luar biasa untuk datang di kelompok keluarga dari tiga burung bertengger megah di atas pohon di samping pantai, yang lebih muda tampaknya makan sarapan ikan nya, mungkin tertangkap baginya sebelumnya oleh orang tuanya.
Captive karang hiu di kolam renang di Pulau Menjangan Besar. Foto oleh Peter Milne

Meskipun elang tampaknya menikmati sisa diam-diam bertengger sementara survei di sekitar, ketika mereka mengambil ke langit, mereka menampilkan keagungan sejati mereka.

Meluncur dengan mudah di atas air, mereka menunjukkan penuh mereka dua meter lebar sayap dan undersides putih karakteristik.

Setelah sebelumnya mengunjungi tontonan agak sedih dari elang laut ditangkap atau terluka menjalani rehabilitasi di Pulau Kodok di Pulau Seribu pulau di utara Jakarta, itu membuat saya bertanya-tanya berapa banyak dari mereka elang diambil dari lingkungan alam mereka dapat kembali dimasukkan ke dalam lebih aman pengaturan seperti Karimunjawa, di mana mereka mungkin sekali lagi berkembang dalam kebebasan.

Salah satu atraksi lainnya khusus, terumbu karang Karimunjawa yang masih dalam kondisi bersih dan terdiri dari 90 spesies yang berbeda dari karang, dihuni oleh 242 spesies ikan karang. Mereka termasuk beberapa varietas clownfish, salah satu dari ikan karang favorit saya, yang hidup di antara tentakel biasanya fatal jenis anemon laut.

Dengan ketiadaan arus yang kuat dan keanekaragaman hayati yang kaya, Karimunjawa menawarkan sangat baik snorkeling, dengan kapal lokal siap untuk mengambil kelompok-kelompok kecil atau individu keluar untuk hari setengah atau penuh sebesar Rp 250.000 (US $ 28) dan Rp 350.000 masing-masing.

Sebagian besar dari pulau-pulau karang yang berjarak dua jam dengan perahu kecil dari Karimunjawa Island, yang merupakan pusat untuk kelompok pulau.

Untuk penyelam yang lebih serius - dan orang-orang dengan kantong yang lebih dalam - sementara itu adalah mungkin untuk mengatur perjalanan menyelam dari operator kecil di Karimunjawa Pulau lengkap dengan menyewa peralatan, pilihan terbaik mungkin adalah menggunakan Kura Kura Resort di Pulau Menyawakan, yang merupakan lima- Bintang PADI resor menyelam dengan pulau pribadi, 800 meter pantai berpasir, hotel dan fasilitas.

Bahkan, Pulau Menyawakan merupakan satu-satunya pulau yang tampaknya benar-benar off-batas untuk pengunjung ke Karimunjawa, atau setidaknya mereka yang tidak memesan ke resor, bahkan selama musim off.

Selama musim ketika resor terbuka, tanggal 1 Mei sampai 31 Oktober, Kura Kura Resort mengoperasikan penerbangan setiap hari dari Semarang pada pesawat Cessna kecil untuk landasan sebaliknya sangat tenang sekitar 20 km dari kota utama Karimunjawa itu.

Salah satu fitur lain Karimunjawa yang khusus adalah kekayaan hutan mangrove, yang meliputi 300 hektar taman nasional.

Padahal banyak hutan mangrove di Jawa telah dihancurkan oleh pembangunan, pihak berwenang di Karimunjawa kini mulai aktif melestarikan bakau dan membuat mereka dapat diakses oleh pengunjung.

Sebagai contoh, ada sebuah "Hutan Mangrove Walking Track" dekat dengan jembatan kecil yang menghubungkan Pulau Karimunjawa kepada para tetangganya Pulau Kemujan ke utara.

Sumber diperoleh dari status Karimunjawa sebagai taman nasional telah digunakan untuk membangun sebuah trotoar kayu yang memungkinkan Anda untuk berjalan dari jalan melalui hutan mangrove dan keluar ke tepi laut terbuka, berjalan melingkar total sekitar setengah jam.

Salah satu kelemahan dari Karimunjawa adalah kurangnya transportasi umum - tidak ada! Hal ini membuat dua pilihan: negosiasi perjalanan sekitar pulau utama (Karimunjawa dan Kemujan) dengan salah satu dari segelintir kecil van mini-swasta, atau alternatif menyewa sepeda motor kecil di kota Karimunjawa dengan biaya sekitar Rp 75.000 per hari.

Kelemahan lain adalah listrik yang dipasok ke bagian utama dari Karimunjawa Island selama hanya 12 jam sehari, dari 6 pm sampai 6 pagi, dengan sangat sedikit tempat menjalankan generator siang hari. Bagian lain dari pulau menerima kuasa bahkan kurang, di hanya enam jam sehari.
Rasa Jawa: restoran Amore bertempat di sebuah rumah tradisional Jawa. Foto oleh Peter Milne

Karimunjawa juga tentu surga ada makanan-kekasih. Ibu Esther di lapangan alun-alun memiliki kios self-service wajar makanan warung, namun ada harapan - sebuah restoran tepi sungai baru yang disebut Amore, di sebuah rumah gaya Jawa yang indah, mulai mendorong batas-batas kuliner sedikit, dan juga melayani bir Bintang dingin menyegarkan - dan sepanjang hari terlalu! Mereka juga memiliki koneksi internet nirkabel intermiten.

Sementara hal-hal secara bertahap mulai berubah - dengan pengecualian dari Kura Kura Resort, yang berada dalam kelas (dan lokasi) sendiri - hanya ada empat hotel kecil di pulau saat ini.

Tiga yang cukup murah di antara Rp 190.000 dan Rp 250.000 per malam dengan AC, sedangkan keempat, Hotel Nirvana, benar-benar rumah mewah pribadi dari keluarga Belgia yang hanya mengunjungi beberapa kali dalam setahun. Sisa tahun kamar, yang hanya ada sembilan, yang disewakan dari Rp 650.000 menjadi Rp 1,7 juta per malam.

Jika yang tampaknya sedikit curam, Anda dapat setidaknya memanfaatkan pantai terpencil berpasir di hotel untuk hanya Rp 12.500 per hari.

Jadi, jangan tunda selama seperti yang saya lakukan - pengamat burung, penyembah matahari, perenang snorkel dan penyelam, pak tas Anda dan kepala ke pulau-pulau Karimunjawa, dan melarikan diri dari tekanan pariwisata massal. Atau, hanya membawa tumpukan buku yang Anda sudah lama ingin mengejar. Cara baik, Anda tidak akan kecewa.

Catatan Perjalanan

Kepulauan Karimunjawa bukanlah yang paling mudah tempat untuk dikunjungi, yang telah membantu untuk melestarikan karakter khusus mereka dan lingkungan alam. Hal-hal yang membaik, namun saat ini ada opsi-opsi utama untuk sampai ke sana:

• Pada hari Senin, Rabu dan Sabtu feri - yang Murni - daun dari Jepara pukul 9 pagi, dan kembali dari Karimunjawa pukul 8 pagi pada hari Selasa, Kamis dan Minggu. Perjalanan biasanya memakan waktu tujuh jam. Ini perlu memeriksa jadwal di internet karena dapat berubah pada menit terakhir. Dan berhati-hatilah: feri berhenti berjalan selama satu bulan pemeliharaan pada bulan November, yang berarti bahwa saya akhirnya harus meringkuk di Kapal Barang lokal (perahu kargo).

• The kapal cepat, yang disebut Kartini ini, berangkat dari pelabuhan Semarang pada hari Senin jam 9 pagi dan Sabtu pukul 10 pagi, dan kembali dari Karimunjawa pukul 11 ​​pagi pada hari Selasa dan 1 pm pada hari Minggu. Pemesanan tiket secara langsung dengan kantor Dinas dari kantor Kementerian Perhubungan bermasalah (0291 591048), kecuali jika Anda menggunakan agen. Perjalanan langsung memakan waktu sekitar tiga jam, sementara perjalanan perahu cepat melalui Jepara (perjalanan Senin / Selasa) mengambil total empat jam.

• Tiga hotel kecil utama adalah: Escape Hotel, Blue Laguna Inn dan Inn Karimunjawa dan biaya antara Rp 180.000 dan Rp 250.000. The Hotel Nirvana lebih mahal, suite seharga Rp 1,7 juta per malam. Ada rumah murah banyak tetap baik di kota Karimunjawa dan juga di beberapa desa di dua pulau utama, Karimunjawa dan Kemujan. Ini berkisar dari sangat baik, beberapa dengan AC, kasar dan siap, tanpa sebanyak penggemar.

• Perahu untuk hari perjalanan dan sepeda motor yang mudah untuk mengatur melalui hotel dan rumah tetap sebagai adalah menyewa peralatan snorkeling dan peralatan menyelam. Waktu terbaik untuk datang adalah dari bulan April sampai Oktober. Cuaca ini lebih tak terduga dari November, dan dapat badai dan sangat basah pada bulan Januari dan Februari.

- Peter Milne

Karimunjawa: Java’s one-and-only island paradise

JPIt took me personally of sixteen a long time of existing near your vicinity, visiting world over the archipelago, before When i eventually got my own work in concert and also caused it to be to Java’s unique area paradise.

The Karimunjawa – the actual 29 islands comprise the actual area collection — can be found about three months a long way to the north of Jepara, from the Core Espresso shoreline, and also around three hrs by one on one fast ship in the provincial cash Semarang.

Up to now some thing of your backwater, improving travel associations are generally little by little generating the hawaiian islands, that have been reported some sort of countrywide sea recreation area within 1999, additional offered to visitors. The result is which additional people are coming from even farther afield to check out this particular area paradise.

Our inn manager informed me personally generally there ended up some sort of two hundred percentage increase within how many visitors throughout 2011 balanced with the previous season. That’s a symptom of success, however in addition, it creates some thing of your difficulty with the confined hotel selections around the major area through the optimum time through Might to Oct.

House into a 9, 000 people exactly who survive several of the islands — the rest of the twenty two islands getting uninhabited, people is essentially Javanese, together with wallets of Bugis and also Madurese too.
The look at of Barracuda Beach upon Pulau Kemujan to the to the north of the major area and also related with a connect. — Picture by Peter Milne

Showing up by kapal barang (the freight boat) within the basic principle community, otherwise known as Karimunjawa, I discovered some thing incongruous about the robust Javanese feel to the spot in the beginning.

I realized the actual distinction was just that in most my own area travels within Indonesia, I had in no way find Javanese area before: Karimunjawa is all things considered the only real Javanese number of islands within Indonesia — they may be the only real islands away from Espresso where by bahasa Jawa would be the lingua franca, and also where by Javanese lifestyle dominates, even as a result of the actual track chickens within cages clinging external a lot of the humble houses.

However most of the whitened coconut-fringed exotic shores, unquestionably Karimunjawa’s major interest is the money of sea lifestyle, including the beautiful coral formations reefs, uncommon prosperous sea biodiversity, and its rare and also lovely white-bellied seashore eagles.

Even though manual guides bring some sort of “zoning system” together with Area some getting totally off-limits to visitors, within procedure this particular has shown unattainable to enforce.

Consequently, I had no issue viewing a small uninhabited area termed Pulau Burung having a nesting set of two seashore eagles and also an pretty much totally older offspring. Our boatman even inquired me personally if i planned to land around the area, yet this would possess just disturbed the actual eagles and also built them more difficult to look at.

Nevertheless, it had been an amazing sight to see this particular loved ones gang of about three majestic chickens perched over a dead woods next to the shoreline, the younger one particular apparently having their fish dinner, possibly captured regarding him or her earlier by their parents.
Attentive reef sharks inside a pool area upon Pulau Menjangan Besar. Picture by Peter Milne

Even though eagles appear to take pleasure in staying calmly perched while surveying throughout, after they perform take to the actual air, these people present the legitimate majesty.

Gliding very easily above water, these people prove the total two-meter wingspan and also trait whitened undersides.

Obtaining previously went to the actual somewhat miserable vision of taken as well as hurt seashore eagles in the process of rehab upon Pulau Kodok within the Pulau Seribu islands to the north of Jakarta, the idea built me personally speculate how more and more eagles removed from other environment might be re-introduced right into a more secure setting for instance Karimunjawa, where by they may just as before flourish in overall flexibility.

One among the some other unique destinations, Karimunjawa’s coral formations reefs are nevertheless within beautiful problem and also comprise three months unique species of coral formations, lived on by 242 species of reef fish. They include things like a number of kinds of clownfish, one of my own most liked reef fish, which usually stay one of the usually critical tentacles of a sort of seashore anemone.

Having its lack of robust currents and its prosperous biodiversity, Karimunjawa presents outstanding snorkelling, together with neighborhood fishing vessels willing to get modest teams as well as folks out and about regarding 50 % as well as total days and nights on Rp 300, 000 (US$28) and also Rp 350, 000 respectively.

The majority of the coral formations islands are generally inside of 2 hrs by modest ship through Karimunjawa Island, and that is middle to the area collection.

Regarding much more serious scuba — and those together with more deeply wallets — while it's possible to arrange going excursions through modest staff upon Karimunjawa Island including gear seek the services of, your best option may perhaps be to utilize the actual Kura Kura Location upon Pulau Menyawakan, a five-star PADI going holiday resort using its own non-public area, 800-meter exotic beach, inn and also amenities.

In fact, Pulau Menyawakan would be the just area which looks like it's actually off-limits to visitors to Karimunjawa, as well as no less than people who find themselves not really booked to the holiday resort, even throughout away from time.

In the time in the event the holiday resort is start, through Might 1 to April. 31, Kura Kura Location operates daily arrivals through Semarang over a modest Cessna planes to the usually very silent airstrip about 20 kilometres from Karimunjawa’s major community.

One among Karimunjawa’s some other unique features is the money of mangrove forested acres, which usually protect 3 hundred hectares of the countrywide recreation area.

Although most of the actual mangrove do upon Espresso may be demolished by improvement, the actual professionals upon Karimunjawa are beginning to try really hard to conserve the actual mangroves and also make them offered to visitors.

For example, there is a “Mangrove Forest Going for walks Track” towards the modest connect which links Karimunjawa Island to the neighbor Kemujan Island to the to the north.

Sources learned through Karimunjawa’s position as a countrywide recreation area are used to develop a timber walkway which allows you to stroll in the street from the mangrove do and also out and about to the edge of the start seashore, a complete rounded stroll of around 30 minutes.

Among the drawbacks of Karimunjawa is the possible lack of general public travel — generally there isn’t just about any! That actually leaves 2 selections: negotiating excursions round the major islands (Karimunjawa and also Kemujan) together with on the list of handful of modest non-public mini-vans, as well as additionally letting a small motorbike within Karimunjawa community with a charge of around Rp seventy five, 000 on a daily basis.

A different negative aspect is which energy is supplied to the major part of Karimunjawa Island regarding just 12 hrs per day, through 6 s. mirielle. till 6 some sort of. mirielle., together with a small number of areas running machines throughout the day. The rest of the area be given even a smaller amount electrical power, of them costing only six hrs per day.
The tastiness of Espresso: the actual Amore bistro located inside a standard Javanese household. Picture by Peter Milne

Karimunjawa is usually no food-lover’s paradise. Ibu Esther around the alun-alun discipline has a fair self-service warung meals stop moving, yet there's expect — a whole new waterside bistro termed Amore, inside a gorgeous Javanese-style household, is beginning to force the actual cookery limitations just a little, as well as assists refreshingly chilly Bintang light beer — and also all day too! They likewise have an sporadic wireless connection to the web.

Although items are generally slowly beginning to modify — except for Kura Kura Location, and that is inside a course (and location) of a — you can find just some modest motels around the area currently.

A few are generally very affordable on concerning Rp 190, 000 and also Rp 300, 000 some sort of night together with ac, even though the final, the actual Nirvana Resort, is actually the posh non-public residence of your Belgian loved ones which just goes to a couple of times annually. The rest of the season the actual bedrooms, which you can find just eight, are generally hired from Rp 650, 000 to Rp 1. 7 zillion some sort of night.

When which would seem somewhat large, you can no less than utilize the hotel’s private exotic beach for just a mere Rp 12, 500 per day.

Consequently, don’t postpone providing I did so — birdwatchers, sun-worshippers, snorkelers and also scuba, bunch your own bags and also go to the actual Karimunjawa islands, and also escape in the difficulties of mass tourism. Or, merely bring some sort of whole lot of guides which you’ve been recently meaning to capture high on. Either way, a person won’t possibly be let down.

Take a trip Notes

Karimunjawa Destinations are certainly not the perfect of areas to check out, which has helped to maintain the unique identity and also environment. Things are generally improving, yet at this time you can find these major selections to acquire generally there:

•On Monday, Friday and also Thursday some sort of ferry — the actual Murni — actually leaves through Jepara on 9 some sort of. mirielle., and also dividends through Karimunjawa on 8 some sort of. mirielle. upon Thursday, Thursday and also Wednesday. The journey may take more effective hrs. It’s worth looking at the actual plan on the net given it can modify on the last second. And beware: the actual ferry halts running for just a thirty day period of servicing within Nov, which usually recommended that i found themselves needing to curl up high on a nearby kapal barang (the freight boat).

•The fast ship, termed the actual Kartini, actually leaves through Semarang dock upon Monday on 9 some sort of. mirielle. and also Thursday on 10 some sort of. mirielle., and also dividends through Karimunjawa on 11 some sort of. mirielle. upon Thursday and also 1 s. mirielle. upon Wednesday. Booking seats right while using the Dinas place of work of the Transportation Ministry place of work is challenging (0291 591048), unless you utilize a realtor. The one on one journey normally takes around three hrs, while fast ship excursions by using Jepara (the Monday/Tuesday trip) please take a overall of some hrs.

•The about three major modest motels are generally: Resort Avoid, Violet Laguna Inn and the Karimunjawa Inn and also cost concerning Rp 180, 000 and also Rp 300, 000. The Nirvana Resort is more expensive, the actual suite costs Rp 1. 7 zillion some sort of night. There are numerous less costly residence stays on both within Karimunjawa community as well as within some of the towns around the 2 major islands, Karimunjawa and also Kemujan. These kind of range between good, several together with HVAC, to difficult and also all set, with no approximately some sort of supporter.

•Boats regarding day excursions and also motorbikes are generally simple arrange via motels and also residence stays on because would be the letting of snorkelling tools and also going gear. Plumbing service in the future is through April to Oct. The weather is additional unforeseen through Nov, and will possibly be stormy and incredibly moist within The month of january and also Feb.

— Peter Milne.

Karimunjawa - Indonesian Fishing Communities Find Balance Between Biodiversity, Development

Indonesian Fishing Communities Find Balance Between Biodiversity, Development.

"Fishing communities living on the islands of Indonesia's Karimunjawa National Park have found an important balance, improving their social well-being while reducing their reliance on marine biodiversity, according to the Wildlife Conservation Society and the University of Western Australia.

Over the past 5 years, the Government of Indonesia has turned Karimunjawa National Park a marine paradise of turquoise seas and mangrove-ringed islands in the Java Sea just south of Borneo into a model of co-management for the country, largely by increasing community participation in park governance and providing economic incentives such as the development of ecotourism and business enterprises to reduce fishing pressures.

WCS researchers for the Wildlife Conservation Society have found that co-management plans and incentives in Indonesia's Karimunjawa National Park help improve the livelihoods of communities and achieve conservation objectives. For instance, economic incentives to local fishers through assistance with fish mariculture techniques and equipment has helped improve acceptance of conservation strategies in the park. Photo credit: Ripanto/WCS Indonesia Program

The study now appears in the online version of Marine Policy.
The authors include: Stuart J. Campbell, Tasrif Kartawijaya, Irfan Yulianto, and Rian Prasetia of the Wildlife Conservation Society; and Julian Clifton of the University of Western Australia.

"Community involvement in the management of fisheries in Karimunjawa has had a significant impact on improving the sustainability of these resources," said Dr. Stuart Campbell, lead author on the paper. "One outcome has been the stabilization of reef fish biomass in some areas since the zoning regulations have taken effect. Another important outcome has been the improved socioeconomics and political power of participant communities, the key to any successful endeavor in sustainable development."

Karimunjawa National Park covers some 1,100 square kilometers of sea surrounding a total of 27 islands with a resident population of 9,000 people. The protected area was among the first in Indonesia to be recognized as critical for the conservation of the region's marine biodiversity. The coastal reef systems provide numerous fish species with spawning aggregation sites, important for the long-term conservation of commercially valuable species. The islands contained in the park provide valuable nesting sites for both sea turtles and seabirds.

In 2006, a study by WCS and others revealed that Karimunjawa's natural resources were under threat from overfishing, with the park's coral reefs and fish biomass in poorer condition than marine protected areas where community and traditional management systems were in place.

Since that time, the Karimunjawa National Park Authority has increased community participation in the management of Karimunjawa's natural resources. Villages now have institutions to address and resolve stakeholder conflicts. Incentives provided to communities have promoted awareness of and support for fishing regulations (which include closures to protect spawning fish sites) and gear restrictions designed and implemented by community members themselves.

The economic incentives of the new plan have decreased dependency on the park's natural resources, and the incorporation of user-rights by coastal communities into spatial planning helps eliminate unsustainable, destructive fishing. Most importantly, the communities and government officials work in tandem to enforce the rules of the park, prohibiting banned gear and catching and prosecuting fishers who illegally fish in the park.

"This co-management model is ideal for both marine conservation and local empowerment," said Dr. Caleb McClennen, Director of WCS's Marine Program. "The current plan's economic, legal, and participatory incentives have created a self-perpetuating system of exclusive access rights for local communities, who in turn support and enforce the protected area's policies and regulations."

This study was generously supported by The David and Lucile Packard Foundation.

The Wildlife Conservation Society saves wildlife and wild places worldwide. We do so through science, global conservation, education and the management of the world's largest system of urban wildlife parks, led by the flagship Bronx Zoo. Together these activities change attitudes towards nature and help people imagine wildlife and humans living in harmony. WCS is committed to this mission because it is essential to the integrity of life on Earth. Visit www.wcs.org.